pathoff← 대학·대학원 전체 나라

대학·대학원

독일

A world-class degree that costs almost nothing in tuition. The catch is the language.

5/5
재료 확인
이 페이지가 묻는 재료 전부에 수치와 출처가 있습니다.
학비검토 중
연 ~$0–6.5k
The non-EU rate at state universities. Fourteen of the sixteen Länder charge nothing, so a student in Cologne, Berlin, Hamburg or Leipzig pays no tuition and a student in Stuttgart or Erlangen does — the table below is which. The semester contribution everyone pays, €330 to €340 and usually including a regional transport pass, is not tuition. This note used to say it sat in the cost figure instead, and that stopped being true when the cost figure became the World Bank's price level rather than a monthly budget of ours — a price level contains nobody's semester contribution. It is on the first-year list below. Private universities are not here and cost far more.
생활비
75.9% (미국 물가 대비)
A comparison of prices, not a budget: it says what things cost here against the United States, not what a month will cost you. Compared at country level, so capital cities and large metros run higher. The price level prices the basket residents buy, and a foreign renter cannot reach the cheap end of local housing — poorer countries may still sit too low here.
교육
Excellent
Research impact 65th percentile globally — median of 73 ranked universities (CWTS Leiden Open Edition 2025). Research output, not teaching quality; it informs the band, it does not set the score.
졸업 후 취업
18-month job-seeking permit
치안
1.657 · 28th of 163

세부 자료는 아직 영어입니다. 어느 언어로 보셔도 같은 수치입니다.

이 수치들의 출처

재료 하나에 한 줄입니다. 아무거나 열어보면 출처와, 얼마나 믿는지와, 마지막으로 확인한 때가 나옵니다.

학비연 ~$0–6.5k

Germany sets no national tuition. Each Land decides, fourteen of the sixteen charge nothing, and the two that charge do it in different ways. Baden-Württemberg fixes one price in law for all of its state universities — €1,500 a semester since 2017/18 under the Landeshochschulgebührengesetz — so Heidelberg, Freiburg, Tübingen, Stuttgart and Karlsruhe are one decision, not five. Bavaria did the opposite: Art. 13 BayHIG lets a university charge non-EEA students and names no amount, so each Bavarian university sets its own and they differ — €800 a semester for a bachelor’s at TH Ingolstadt, €1,000 at TH Nürnberg, €1,000 or €2,000 or €3,000 at FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg — and each starts on its own date, from summer 2026 to summer 2027. This record previously carried a head figure of €0 a year, and said so outright: "The median of the three is €0 a year, and that is what is recorded." It also admitted, in the sentence before, that "which three universities you sample therefore decides the answer". Both are true, and together they are the argument for having no head figure at all: the median of a country where fourteen regions charge nothing and two charge thousands is zero under every sample, so re-reading the sources could never have moved it. What was wrong was not the number but the idea that one exists. Four of the universities that record named could not be read. tum.de, rwth-aachen.de, tu.berlin and uni-heidelberg.de all refuse the connection from here, while every other German university tried answers normally, so the TU München figure it carried is left out rather than copied forward unverified. The Bavarian rows below are universities that could be read.

The non-EU rate at state universities. Fourteen of the sixteen Länder charge nothing, so a student in Cologne, Berlin, Hamburg or Leipzig pays no tuition and a student in Stuttgart or Erlangen does — the table below is which. The semester contribution everyone pays, €330 to €340 and usually including a regional transport pass, is not tuition. This note used to say it sat in the cost figure instead, and that stopped being true when the cost figure became the World Bank's price level rather than a monthly budget of ours — a price level contains nobody's semester contribution. It is on the first-year list below. Private universities are not here and cost far more.

무엇공시 원문연 환산, USD
Fourteen Länder charge nothing — North Rhine-WestphaliaRead at the University of Cologne, the largest university in the largest Land0 EUR연$0
Fourteen Länder charge nothing — BerlinRead at Freie Universität Berlin0 EUR연$0
Bavaria — TH IngolstadtBachelor’s; master’s is €1,200 a semester800 EUR학기$1,725
Bavaria — TH NürnbergThe same rate for bachelor’s and master’s1,000 EUR학기$2,175
Bavaria — FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, lowest bandBachelor’s; there is a middle band of €2,000 a semester1,000 EUR학기$2,175
Baden-Württemberg — every state universitySet by state law, so the whole Land is one decision1,500 EUR학기$3,250
Bavaria — FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, highest bandBachelor’s3,000 EUR학기$6,500

6개의 결정에서 나온 7개의 수치입니다. 요금을 더 잘게 쪼개 공시하는 쪽이 그렇지 않은 쪽보다 많이 세어지지 않도록 결정의 수를 함께 적습니다. 위에 머리 숫자는 없습니다 — 어느 하나도 이 나라의 가격이 아니기 때문입니다.

신뢰도
출처에 그대로 적혀 있음
규정
검토 중. 현재 조건을 믿고 계획하지 마세요
마지막 확인
2026-09
생활비75.9% (미국 물가 대비)

World Bank, 2024, CC BY 4.0: the PPP conversion factor for household consumption is 0.7015 local currency units per international dollar, against an official exchange rate of 0.9239 to the US dollar. Their ratio, 0.759, is the price level against the United States, whose own ratio is 1 by construction. Both figures are theirs; the division is ours. See the Pathoff method, section 12.

A comparison of prices, not a budget: it says what things cost here against the United States, not what a month will cost you. Compared at country level, so capital cities and large metros run higher. The price level prices the basket residents buy, and a foreign renter cannot reach the cheap end of local housing — poorer countries may still sit too low here.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
교육Excellent

Pathoff education rubric (the Pathoff method, section 9-1), degree band "Internationally recognised": Accepted across many countries and by regulated professions; the engineering names are known abroad, though few are household names outside Europe.

Research impact 65th percentile globally — median of 73 ranked universities (CWTS Leiden Open Edition 2025). Research output, not teaching quality; it informs the band, it does not set the score.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
졸업 후 취업18-month job-seeking permit

Pathoff outcome rubric (the Pathoff method, section 10-2), degree outcome band "A post-study route you can rely on": Eighteen months to look for work on graduating, with no employer needed first.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
규정
저희가 아는 변경 없음
마지막 확인
출처와 대조한 적 없음
치안1.657 · 28th of 163

Global Peace Index 2026, Institute for Economics and Peace: score 1.657, ranked 28 of 163. Both figures are theirs; we publish them as they are.

신뢰도
출처에 그대로 적혀 있음

여기는 어떤 곳인가

Public universities charge no tuition in most states — only a per-semester administrative contribution — and graduates get an 18-month permit to look for work in Europe's biggest economy. Two caveats: Baden-Württemberg charges non-EU students separately, and while master's programmes are often in English, daily life and most jobs are not. You still have to prove blocked-account funds to get the visa.

절차는 이렇습니다

1

Check your qualification is recognised

Many non-EU school leaving certificates need a foundation year before direct entry.

소요 기간 미확인
2

Apply through the central admissions service or direct

Which one depends on the university and the programme.

⏱ 2–4 months
3

Fund a blocked account, then apply for the student visa

Proof of maintenance is a hard requirement and the amount is set annually.

⏱ 1–3 months

첫 해에 먼저 필요한 돈

정부나 학교가 학년이 시작되기 전에 요구하는 금액입니다. 하나씩 나열하고 합계는 내지 않습니다. 쓰는 돈도 있고, 가지고 있다는 것만 보이면 되는 돈도 있습니다.

Blocked account돌려받음
EUR 11,904≈ $12,900
보유를 증명해야 하는 금액 · €992 a month for twelve months

Not money that is spent. It sits in a Sperrkonto and the account releases €992 to you each month once you arrive; the rest stays locked. What it decides is whether you can start at all.

우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The amount two German missions abroad publish for a student: "992,00 Euro pro Monat" and "11.904,00 Euro pro Jahr", described as the sum the Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz provides for a study year.

National visa, category D쓰는 돈
EUR 75≈ $81
비자 수수료 · Half for an applicant under 18

Charged to process the application and not returned if it is refused.

우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The Federal Foreign Office fee for a national visa, the category a student applies in: €75, or €37.50 for a minor.

Two other amounts belong to this page and are not rows. Someone coming to apply for a place rather than to take one up — a Studienbewerber, including anyone who must pass a Studienkolleg first — shows €1,091 a month instead, and the missions publish that as a monthly rate without an annual one. And the semester contribution every enrolled student pays, roughly €300 to €340, is set by each university rather than by the state, so it is a figure per university rather than one for the country.

Two German missions abroad publish the same two figures, and the amount a student must show is a rule rather than a number the Foreign Office picks: the central page says only that it "orientiert sich an den Förderhöchstsätzen des BAföG" and sends you to the mission handling your application. Those missions give €992 a month and €11,904 a year, and say in terms that this is what the federal student-support act provides for a study year — so the annual figure is theirs, not twelve times ours.

유학생이 가는 곳

Berlin
Most English-taught programmes, cheapest big-city living
Munich / Aachen
The engineering names, higher living costs

위의 재료를 열어보면 그 수치가 어디서 왔는지, 얼마나 믿는지, 마지막으로 언제 확인했는지가 나옵니다. 어느 것도 공식 출처를 대신하지 않습니다. 마지막 검토 2026-09-03.

사진: 독일, 라이선스 Pexels License, 출처 Pexels.