pathoff← 대학·대학원 전체 나라

대학·대학원

캐나다

Up to three years of open work afterwards — the most generous route on this site.

5/5
재료 확인
이 페이지가 묻는 재료 전부에 수치와 출처가 있습니다.
학비
연 ~$34.5–51.1k
Both universities here are among the country’s most expensive and the range below should be read as the upper part of what Canada charges. The cheaper end is real and is not shown: a provincial university pricing per credit hour cannot be put on this scale without a divisor of ours.
생활비
90.6% (미국 물가 대비)
A comparison of prices, not a budget: it says what things cost here against the United States, not what a month will cost you. Compared at country level, so capital cities and large metros run higher. The price level prices the basket residents buy, and a foreign renter cannot reach the cheap end of local housing — poorer countries may still sit too low here.
교육
Internationally recognised
Research impact 66th percentile globally — median of 40 ranked universities (CWTS Leiden Open Edition 2025). Research output, not teaching quality; it informs the band, it does not set the score. Australia sits higher on this measure than Canada while we score it lower, which is the note doing its job: it measures research output across the institutions in the sample, not what a degree is worth to an employer.
졸업 후 취업최근 변경
An open work permit, up to three years
Applicants since 1 November 2024 must submit a language test result, and a field-of-study requirement applies to non-degree graduates. The eligible-programme list had 178 programmes removed in June 2025 and reinstated in July 2025. The route works, but its terms have been moving.
치안
1.525 · 14th of 163
Fourteenth globally and first in its region by a very wide margin

세부 자료는 아직 영어입니다. 어느 언어로 보셔도 같은 수치입니다.

이 수치들의 출처

재료 하나에 한 줄입니다. 아무거나 열어보면 출처와, 얼마나 믿는지와, 마지막으로 확인한 때가 나옵니다.

학비연 ~$34.5–51.1k

Two large research universities in different provinces, and they publish on different bases. UBC Vancouver gives an annual full-course-load figure by faculty for 2026/27: CAD 51,530.40 for Arts, 53,082.00 for Science, 66,199.66 for Applied Science and 66,678.30 for Commerce. Waterloo charges by term, and its Fall 2026 schedule gives CAD 23,598 for Environment, 25,296 for Health and for Science, 27,010 for Arts, 29,259 for Mathematics and 34,942 for Engineering. Three of Waterloo’s five had moved since this record was written — Health and Science from 24,560, Mathematics from 28,970, Engineering from 34,597 — which is what a term-by-term schedule does. The previous figure was CAD 55,605.42 a year, a median of a median doubled and a median, and the cents on the end of it were the giveaway. A third university was tried and could not be added. The University of Manitoba, a large provincial university that would have answered this record’s own complaint that both of these are among the country’s most expensive, publishes per credit hour — CAD 689.23 for Arts, 804.00 for Science, 895.68 for Management. Turning that into a year needs a credit load, and the university does not state one; supplying it ourselves would be the arithmetic this record has just finished removing.

Both universities here are among the country’s most expensive and the range below should be read as the upper part of what Canada charges. The cheaper end is real and is not shown: a provincial university pricing per credit hour cannot be put on this scale without a divisor of ours.

무엇공시 원문연 환산, USD
Waterloo — EnvironmentPer term23,598 CAD학기$34,450
Waterloo — Health and SciencePer term; both faculties at the same rate25,296 CAD학기$36,950
Waterloo — ArtsPer term27,010 CAD학기$39,450
Waterloo — MathematicsPer term29,259 CAD학기$42,750
Waterloo — EngineeringPer term34,942 CAD학기$51,050
UBC Vancouver — Arts51,530.4 CAD연$37,650
UBC Vancouver — Science53,082 CAD연$38,750
UBC Vancouver — Applied Science66,199.66 CAD연$48,350
UBC Vancouver — CommerceSauder School of Business66,678.3 CAD연$48,700

2개의 결정에서 나온 9개의 수치입니다. 요금을 더 잘게 쪼개 공시하는 쪽이 그렇지 않은 쪽보다 많이 세어지지 않도록 결정의 수를 함께 적습니다. 위에 머리 숫자는 없습니다 — 어느 하나도 이 나라의 가격이 아니기 때문입니다.

신뢰도
출처에 그대로 적혀 있음
마지막 확인
2026-09
생활비90.6% (미국 물가 대비)

World Bank, 2024, CC BY 4.0: the PPP conversion factor for household consumption is 1.2409 local currency units per international dollar, against an official exchange rate of 1.3694 to the US dollar. Their ratio, 0.906, is the price level against the United States, whose own ratio is 1 by construction. Both figures are theirs; the division is ours. See the Pathoff method, section 12.

A comparison of prices, not a budget: it says what things cost here against the United States, not what a month will cost you. Compared at country level, so capital cities and large metros run higher. The price level prices the basket residents buy, and a foreign renter cannot reach the cheap end of local housing — poorer countries may still sit too low here.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
교육Internationally recognised

Pathoff education rubric (the Pathoff method, section 9-1), degree band "Internationally recognised": An English-language degree accepted everywhere without explanation, with several institutions known by name in third countries. At the top of the band; short of the one above because outside those few the median Canadian university still needs introducing.

Research impact 66th percentile globally — median of 40 ranked universities (CWTS Leiden Open Edition 2025). Research output, not teaching quality; it informs the band, it does not set the score. Australia sits higher on this measure than Canada while we score it lower, which is the note doing its job: it measures research output across the institutions in the sample, not what a degree is worth to an employer.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
졸업 후 취업An open work permit, up to three years

Pathoff outcome rubric (the Pathoff method, section 10-2), degree outcome band "A post-study route you can rely on": The post-graduation work permit is open — no employer, no sponsor, no occupation match — for a period set by the programme length up to three years, with master’s graduates eligible for the full three regardless. The most generous post-study route on this site. Short of the band above because it is a permit that must be applied for and granted, is capped in length, and now carries a language test.

Applicants since 1 November 2024 must submit a language test result, and a field-of-study requirement applies to non-degree graduates. The eligible-programme list had 178 programmes removed in June 2025 and reinstated in July 2025. The route works, but its terms have been moving.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
규정
최근 변경됨. 다른 곳의 오래된 안내는 이미 틀렸습니다
마지막 확인
2026-09
치안1.525 · 14th of 163

Global Peace Index 2026, Institute for Economics and Peace: score 1.525, ranked 14 of 163. Both figures are theirs; we publish them as they are.

Fourteenth globally and first in its region by a very wide margin

신뢰도
출처에 그대로 적혀 있음

여기는 어떤 곳인가

The post-graduation work permit is an open work permit for up to three years: no employer, no sponsorship, no occupation match, and it feeds directly into the permanent residence system. Nothing else here offers that. What has changed is the certainty around it — a language test since November 2024, a field-of-study list for non-degree graduates, study permit caps, and an eligible-programme list that was cut and partly restored during 2025.

절차는 이렇습니다

1

Check the programme is PGWP-eligible before you pay

For non-degree programmes this is the single most consequential question.

소요 기간 미확인
2

Study permit, under a provincial allocation

Study permits are capped and allocated by province, which affects timing.

⏱ 2–5 months
3

Apply for the work permit within 180 days of the final result

The window closes; a language test is now part of the application.

⏱ 2–5 months

첫 해에 먼저 필요한 돈

정부나 학교가 학년이 시작되기 전에 요구하는 금액입니다. 하나씩 나열하고 합계는 내지 않습니다. 쓰는 돈도 있고, 가지고 있다는 것만 보이면 되는 돈도 있습니다.

Cost of living, outside Quebec돌려받음
CAD 23,448≈ $17,100
보유를 증명해야 하는 금액 · One person. The published table runs to seven and then adds CAD 6,318 a person

Not money that is handed over. It is shown, and the department says in terms that it does not include tuition or transport. The department says the amounts are updated each year.

적용 시작 2026-09-01 · 다음 금액이 정해지는 날 2027-09-01 · 우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The department’s own proof-of-financial-support page, which prints a table headed for all provinces and territories except Quebec: CAD 23,448 for one person for applications made on or after 1 September 2026, rising to CAD 62,054 for seven and CAD 6,318 for each further person. Search summaries were still giving the previous year’s CAD 22,895 when this was read.

Cost of living, Quebec돌려받음
CAD 24,617≈ $18,000
보유를 증명해야 하는 금액 · One person aged 18 or over. The published table runs to six and then adds CAD 5,254 a person

Quebec sets its own and it is the higher of the two. It also covers different ground: the ministry lists health and hospitalisation insurance among the things the amount is for, while the federal figure names tuition and transport as excluded and says nothing about insurance. The ministry adjusts its amounts on 1 January, so the two figures on this page are not only different sizes but on different clocks.

적용 시작 2026-01-01 · 다음 금액이 정해지는 날 2027-01-01 · 우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The Quebec government’s cost-of-studies page: CAD 24,617 for one person aged 18 or over for applications made from 1 January 2026, CAD 60,299 for six, and CAD 5,254 for each person beyond that.

Study permit쓰는 돈
CAD 150≈ $110
비자 수수료 · Per person, including extensions

우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The department’s fee list, which prices "Study permit (including extensions) per person" at CAD 150. The page carries a last-modified date of 2 July 2026.

Biometrics쓰는 돈
CAD 85≈ $62
비자 수수료 · Per person, to a family maximum of CAD 170

One amount with a condition attached, rather than an amount that varies. The exemptions go by age and not by passport: nobody under 14 or over 79 pays it, and a United States citizen is not exempt.

우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The department’s biometrics page: CAN$85 for an individual applicant and a maximum of CAN$170 for a family applying at the same time, with exemptions listed for children under 14 and applicants over 79.

Quebec acceptance certificate쓰는 돈
CAD 135≈ $99
비자 수수료 · Quebec only, and on top of the federal permit fee rather than instead of it

적용 시작 2026-01-01 · 다음 금액이 정해지는 날 2027-01-01 · 우리가 읽은 달 2026-09

The Quebec government’s temporary-selection-for-studies page: CAD 135 for an international student from 1 January 2026, on a page which says the fees are adjusted on 1 January of each year.

Every amount here is published as a number, so none of it had to be written as a rule instead. The one thing that is a rule is the schedule: both authorities say they revise their figures every year, on dates four months apart.

Two authorities publish these and they do not agree, which is most of what this block records. The federal department sets a cost-of-living amount for every province except Quebec and updates it each September; Quebec sets a higher one, covering slightly different ground, and updates it each January. A student going to Montreal meets both, the provincial certificate first and then the federal permit.

유학생이 가는 곳

Toronto / Waterloo
The largest concentration of universities and graduate employers
Montreal
Cheaper, English-language universities inside a French-speaking province
Vancouver
Mild, expensive, and closest to Asia

위의 재료를 열어보면 그 수치가 어디서 왔는지, 얼마나 믿는지, 마지막으로 언제 확인했는지가 나옵니다. 어느 것도 공식 출처를 대신하지 않습니다. 마지막 검토 2026-09-04.

사진: 캐나다 · Dillan Payne, 라이선스 CC BY-SA 4.0, 출처 Wikimedia Commons.