pathoff← 대학·대학원 전체 나라

대학·대학원

이탈리아

A European degree for a few hundred euros, if your household income is low.

5/5
재료 확인
이 페이지가 묻는 재료 전부에 수치와 출처가 있습니다.
학비
연 ~$1.6–4.3k
International students can obtain an ISEE parificato using family income from abroad; without one, most universities charge the top band. This figure sits in the middle of the published scale.
생활비
월 ~$1,200
Single student, all in. Compared at country level, so capital cities and large metros run higher. The price level behind it prices the basket residents buy, and a foreign renter cannot reach the cheap end of local housing — poorer countries may still sit too low here.
교육
Known well beyond Europe
Research impact 79th percentile globally — median of 63 ranked universities (CWTS Leiden Open Edition 2025). Research output, not teaching quality; it informs the band, it does not set the score.
졸업 후 취업
Twelve months to look, then a quota
치안
High
Thirty-fifth globally; mid-table for Western Europe, well above the world median

세부 자료는 아직 영어입니다. 어느 언어로 보셔도 같은 수치입니다.

더 많은 정보를 확인하고 있습니다.

이 수치들의 출처

재료 하나에 한 줄입니다. 아무거나 열어보면 출처와, 얼마나 믿는지와, 마지막으로 확인한 때가 나옵니다.

학비연 ~$1.6–4.3k

Italian public universities means-test the fee, so the figure here is the maximum a student with no reduction pays — which is what an arriving non-EU applicant should plan for. The University of Bologna's own table for 2026/2027 sets the maximum all-inclusive contribution for first-cycle degrees at €2,040 a year, with a few language and genomics programmes at €2,550 to €2,805, plus a fixed €157.04. Sapienza charges international students who declare foreign income a flat annual contribution of €300, €700 or €1,500, set by the GDP band of their country of residence, so €1,500 at the top. Politecnico di Milano publishes €900 to €4,000 a year for a laurea, the same for EU and non-EU students. Recorded at the median of the three maxima, €2,040 a year. Regional tax and stamp duty are excluded from all three, and private universities charge several times more.

International students can obtain an ISEE parificato using family income from abroad; without one, most universities charge the top band. This figure sits in the middle of the published scale.

신뢰도
출처에 그대로 적혀 있음
마지막 확인
2026-09
생활비월 ~$1,200

Pathoff judgement directed by evidence, not computed from it: the country’s position comes from the World Bank household consumption price level for 2024 (0.677 of the United States, CC BY 4.0 — the ICP benchmark carried forward annually by the World Bank’s own method); the US reference budget is ours. See the Pathoff method, section 12.

Single student, all in. Compared at country level, so capital cities and large metros run higher. The price level behind it prices the basket residents buy, and a foreign renter cannot reach the cheap end of local housing — poorer countries may still sit too low here.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
교육Known well beyond Europe

Pathoff education rubric (the Pathoff method, section 9-1), degree band "Internationally recognised": Italian degrees are accepted across the EU without explanation and several institutions — Bologna, Sapienza, the Politecnicos — are known by name outside it. Regulated professions are covered by EU recognition. Mid-band: short of the top because outside architecture, design and engineering the name alone rarely opens the door.

Research impact 79th percentile globally — median of 63 ranked universities (CWTS Leiden Open Edition 2025). Research output, not teaching quality; it informs the band, it does not set the score.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
졸업 후 취업Twelve months to look, then a quota

Pathoff outcome rubric (the Pathoff method, section 10-2), degree outcome band "A post-study route you can rely on": A graduate may convert to a twelve-month permit to seek work or start a business without an employer lined up. In the band, not above it, because converting that into a work permit runs through the decreto flussi quota system, and the job market a graduate enters is one of the weaker ones in Western Europe.

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치
규정
저희가 아는 변경 없음
마지막 확인
2026-09
치안High

Global Peace Index 2026: rank 35 of 163, score 1.712. Converted by the Pathoff GPI formula (GPI in lib/scoring.ts)

Thirty-fifth globally; mid-table for Western Europe, well above the world median

신뢰도
출처를 보고 저희가 만든 수치

여기는 어떤 곳인가

Italian public universities charge on a means-tested scale, and for a student whose family income is modest that can mean a few hundred euros a year at institutions that are eight hundred years old. English-taught degree programmes have multiplied. Two catches: the means test uses a document foreigners find hard to assemble, and Italian graduate employment is weak by Western European standards.

절차는 이렇습니다

1

Pre-enrol through Universitaly

The state portal is the only way in for non-EU applicants, and it opens and closes on fixed dates.

⏱ 2–4 months
2

Assemble an ISEE parificato if you can

It decides the fee band, and without it you are charged the top one.

⏱ 1–2 months
3

Study visa, then permesso within eight days

The permit takes months to be issued; the receipt is what you live on meanwhile.

⏱ 3–9 months

유학생이 가는 곳

Milan
The strongest graduate market and the highest rents
Bologna
The oldest university in Europe and a genuine student city
Turin / Padua
Strong technical faculties, cheaper than Milan

위의 재료를 열어보면 그 수치가 어디서 왔는지, 얼마나 믿는지, 마지막으로 언제 확인했는지가 나옵니다. 어느 것도 공식 출처를 대신하지 않습니다. 마지막 검토 2026-09-04.

사진: 이탈리아 · Giorgio Galeotti, 라이선스 CC BY 4.0, 출처 Wikimedia Commons.